Subclass 103 Parent visa

Three offshore subclasses

The offshore parent visas do not require the applicant to be an aged parent: anyone who is a parent of a settled Australian citizen, permanent resident or eligible New Zealand citizen can use them [cl 103.211] [cl 143.211] [cl 173.211]. They are: Subclass 103 (Parent), non-contributory and permanent; Subclass 143 (Contributory Parent), contributory and permanent; and Subclass 173 (Contributory Parent (Temporary)), the contributory temporary first stage that leads to the 143.

Granted offshore

Unlike the onshore aged-parent visas, these are ordinarily granted while the applicant is outside Australia [cl 103.411] [cl 143.412] [cl 173.411]. An application lodged while the parent is outside Australia does not put the parent on a bridging visa that lets them wait in Australia; on that ordinary route the wait is spent offshore. This is not universal for the 143, though: clause 143.411 lets a 143 applicant who at the time of application held a Subclass 173 or a substituted Subclass 600 visa be granted the 143 in Australia [cl 143.411], so the 173-to-143 upgrade in particular is commonly decided onshore, and a valid onshore 143 application of that kind can also support an application for a Bridging Visa A, whose grant, conditions and coming into effect are confirmed separately [cl 010.211(2)] [reg 2.07A]. This is the central practical difference from the 804/864/884 family, and it is why a parent who wants to be in Australia during the wait needs either aged-parent status (the onshore subclasses) or the temporary 870 bridge.

The narrow retiree onshore door

A separate onshore door exists for a retiree cohort. A former Subclass 405 (Investor Retirement) or Subclass 410 (Retirement) visa holder who held that visa on 8 May 2018 (or whose last substantive visa was one), has held no other substantive visa since, and is in Australia but not in immigration clearance, may lodge a 103 or 143 onshore [Sch 1 item 1124(3)(aaa), (3A)] [Sch 1 item 1130(3)(b), (3A)] and be granted onshore [cl 103.214] [cl 143.214] [cl 103.411] [cl 143.411]. This retiree cohort is also relieved of the balance of family and assurance-of-support requirements [cl 103.213(2)] [cl 143.213(2)] [cl 103.226(2)] [cl 143.228(2)]. It is a closed historical group, not a general onshore pathway.

The test

Every child of the parent is sorted into eligible or ineligible. An eligible child is an Australian citizen (wherever they live), or an Australian permanent resident or eligible New Zealand citizen who is usually resident in Australia; every other child is ineligible and treated as living overseas [reg 1.05(2)] [reg 1.05(2A)]. The parent passes on either of two routes:

• Route 1: at least half the children are eligible: the number of eligible children is greater than or equal to the number of ineligible children [reg 1.05(2C)].
• Route 2: the eligible children outnumber the ineligible in every single overseas country: the largest group of ineligible children usually resident in any one overseas country is fewer than the number of eligible children [reg 1.05(2D)].

Worked example: a parent has two children in Australia (eligible) and three children overseas (ineligible), living one each in three different countries. Route 1 fails, because two is not at least three. Route 2 passes: the biggest group of ineligible children in any single country is one, which is fewer than the two eligible children, so the test is satisfied.

Which children count

A "child" here includes a child or step-child of the parent, and a child or step-child of the parent's current spouse or de facto partner [reg 1.05(1)(a)], so step-children are counted and the choice of primary applicant in a blended family can change the arithmetic. Some children are removed from the count entirely under the exclusion clauses [reg 1.05(3)]: broadly, a child removed from the parent's custody by court order, adoption or operation of law, a child suffering persecution or human-rights abuse with no possible reunion elsewhere, and a child registered in a refugee camp. A child of unknown whereabouts is taken to be resident in the child's last known country of usual residence [reg 1.05(1)(b)].

When it is excused

The 103 gives no substituted-600 concession: its only balance-of-family excusal is the retiree cohort [cl 103.213] [cl 103.214], so an ordinary 103 applicant, including one on a substituted Subclass 600 visa, must still satisfy the test. The 143 is more generous: a 143 applicant is excused if, at the time of application, they held a Subclass 173 visa or a substituted Subclass 600 visa [cl 143.213], so a parent moving up from a 173 does not re-run the test, and the 143 retiree cohort is likewise excused [cl 143.214].

What the AoS is

The assurance of support (AoS) is a migration criterion satisfied when an assurance has been accepted by the Secretary of Social Services [cl 103.226] [cl 143.228]. The assurance itself is an assurance of support under Chapter 2C of the Social Security Act 1991 [reg 1.03 def assurance of support], administered by Services Australia, so the migration criterion (has an assurance been accepted?) and its administration (income, bond, recovery) are two separate systems.

Which offshore visas require it

The AoS is a mandatory criterion for the two permanent offshore visas: 103 [cl 103.226] and 143 [cl 143.228], and is not required for the temporary 173. On the 173→143 pathway the requirement therefore attaches only at the permanent 143 stage. The retiree cohort is relieved of it [cl 103.226(2)] [cl 103.214(2)] [cl 143.228(2)] [cl 143.214(2)].

How and when it is provided

The AoS is not lodged with the visa application. As a matter of practice, because a parent file can sit in the queue for years, the Department requests the assurance when the application is near decision, using its power to ask for further information [MA s 56], and the request may set a short deadline to respond. The assurer then lodges the assurance with Services Australia, which applies the income test. For an ordinary adult mandatory Parent AoS, prescribed security is required; Services Australia assesses the assurer and applies the prescribed security amount rather than deciding case by case whether security is needed [Social Security Act s 1061ZZGD(2)(b), (3)] [AoS Determination ss 18–20]. The security is refundable and held for the assurance period. Once Services Australia accepts the assurance, that acceptance satisfies the visa criterion. Because the income and security settings move over time, what matters is the law in force when the assurance is actually requested, not at lodgement.

The cost

The 103 is non-contributory: only the ordinary application charges apply. The contributory 143 and 173 each carry a substantial second instalment, payable before grant of the relevant visa: before the permanent 143 for item 1130, and before the temporary 173 for item 1221 [Sch 1 item 1130(2)(b)] [Sch 1 item 1221(2)(b)]. On the staged 173→143 pathway the contributory charge is spread across the temporary and permanent stages rather than paid in a single hit. The amounts are large and move over time, and for applications made on or after 1 July 2026 the first instalment of all three visas is additionally tiered by whether the applicant holds a valid passport issued by a Pacific-regional country, a category defined in regulation 1.03 [reg 1.03 def Pacific-regional country] [F2026L00874 Sch 3 items 12, 17, 33-35], so the applicable tier and the current Schedule 1 amount have to be checked at lodgement.

The queue

Section 85 permits the Minister to set a financial-year maximum by legislative instrument, and section 86 prevents further grants when an applicable determination reaches that maximum; Parent applications that have not been granted remain queued rather than lapsing [MA s 85] [MA s 86]. LIN 26/042 set the Parent and Contributory Parent maxima for 2025–26 and repealed on 1 July 2026; as at 12 July 2026, no 2026–27 section 85 determination had been located [LIN 26/042 ss 4–6, 8]. Home Affairs nevertheless continues to administer Parent applications through cap-and-queue arrangements. An applicable cap cannot block a visa for the spouse, de facto partner or dependent child of an Australian citizen, the holder of a permanent visa that is in effect, or a person who is usually resident in Australia and whose continued presence is not subject to a limitation as to time imposed by law [MA s 87(1)]. Processing order on the contributory side is set by a parent-processing direction, a policy instrument that orders the queue, not a visa criterion, and is replaced from time to time.

Cost versus time

The 103 costs less but has the longer queue; the contributory 143 (direct or through the 173) costs far more but has a materially shorter queue. Home Affairs estimated about 15 years for a new Contributory Parent application and about 33 years for a new Parent or Aged Parent application on 9 July 2026. These are current operational estimates, not legal time limits. Check the latest Home Affairs estimate before relying on them.

Lodgement facts and decision facts

An offshore parent file takes years, so it needs active management. Balance of family is fixed by the facts at lodgement (for those who must satisfy it), while sponsorship and the assurance of support must still hold at decision and can fail late. When the primary applicant or the sponsor dies during the wait, the consequences are worked out against the specific criteria (including the narrow 173-sponsor-death rule [cl 143.222A]), not treated as general misfortune.

Children ageing out

An included child stays a member of the family unit only while their age tier is satisfied [reg 1.12(2)]: under 18 on the relationship alone; 18 to 22 dependent on the parent, whether through financial dependence or incapacity [reg 1.05A]; 23 or over only through incapacity [reg 1.05A(1)(b)]. A child who is engaged, married or in a de facto relationship is out regardless of age. Because the tiers are tested at the relevant decision, a child can age out during a long wait, but on the 173→143 pathway a child who holds the 173 is preserved into the 143 [reg 1.12(5)]. Project each child's age against the likely timeline at the start, and get their health examinations done before a boundary is crossed (this does not affect age-out).

Bridging status depends on the application route

An application that must be lodged and granted offshore does not itself provide an Australian bridging visa, so a parent visiting Australia while that application is pending must keep the separate visitor status valid and, in the ordinary case, be outside Australia at grant [cl 103.411] [cl 143.412] [cl 173.411]. The current Subclass 143 has an important exception: an applicant who held a Subclass 173 or substituted Subclass 600 visa at application can be granted in Australia under clause 143.411, and a valid onshore, onshore-grantable substantive-visa application can engage the Bridging Visa A route [cl 143.411] [cl 010.211(2)] [reg 2.07A]. A no-further-stay condition on a visitor visa does not block a genuinely offshore application, but it can block valid lodgement of an onshore pathway unless waived.